Matter And Its Forms And Their Comparison
The matter is that which occupies space and affects our sense organs. Every substance is made up of small particles called molecules. There is a force of attraction between the molecules of matter.
Different Forms Of Matter
On the basis of the force of attraction between the molecules of the substance and the mutual distance between them, there are the following three forms of substances-
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas and Vapors
Compare different forms of matter
The comparative information of each form of matter is as follows-
1. Solids - The molecules of solids are very close to each other and stick strongly to each other due to greater attraction force. Due to this, the shape of solids is maintained. Solids offer considerable resistance to change of shape. Therefore, more force is required to change the shape of solids. We can also say that solids can withstand tension, compression, and shear forces of sufficient magnitude.
2. Liquid - The distance between the molecules of liquid substances is more than that of solids, so the force of attraction is less in them. Thus liquids offer less resistance to change of shape than solids. Due to the less force of attraction between the molecules, the liquid is not able to keep its fixed shape, rather it takes the shape of the vessel in which it is kept. Liquid has the ability to flow.
Liquids cannot bear the tensile force but can bear the compression force when kept in a vessel. When a shear force is applied, the fluid deforms. In a fluid, it has the ability to resist the shear force between its different layers.
3. Gas (including vapor) – Molecules of gaseous substances are at a great distance as compared to solids and liquids, hence the force of attraction is also very less in them. The gas molecules move rapidly in all directions and collide with each other. Along with this, the molecules of the gas collide with the walls of the vessel in which it is stored, hence exerting pressure on the walls. at high speed Due to rotation in all directions, the gas molecules spread over the entire space of the vessel to be filled. Gases have the ability to flow.
Gases have the ability to bear compression force but cannot bear tensile and shear force.
Special Points for Solid, Liquid, and Gas -
(i) Due to the excessive attraction forces between molecules, solids can keep their shape fixed.
(ii) Solids do not have the ability to flow, but liquids and gases do.
(iii)—Gases are compressible and expand indefinitely when the external pressure force is removed.
(iv) Liquids are incompressible as compared to gases and do not expand indefinitely even after the removal of external forces because the force of attraction of the molecules holds them together.
Forms of matter on the basis of their ability to flow
On the basis of the ability to flow, all substances can be divided into the following two forms
1. solids
2. fluids
Solid substances do not have the ability to flow, on this basis they are also called non-flowing substances.
Liquid substances are those that have the ability to flow. liquids, vapors, and gases under liquids Come